A review of recent advancements in the local administration of PTH and its role in jaw reconstruction is presented, intending to offer guidance for future local PTH applications and research.
In recent years, periodontal bone regeneration has emerged as a pivotal area of research within tissue engineering. Typically, the stem cells employed in periodontal tissue engineering originate from healthy dental tissues, yet their availability is constrained by the rigorous prerequisites of tooth extraction and the limited pool of potential sources. Inflamed pulp, periapical, and periodontal tissues are the primary sources of stem cells found in inflamed dental tissue. Stem cells in inflamed dental tissue exhibit similar essential characteristics to those from healthy dental tissue, yet are abundant, making them a potentially beneficial source for periodontal bone regeneration. We synthesize the contemporary understanding of stem cell applications and future prospects for bone regeneration in inflamed periodontal tissues, then analyze their suitability as progenitor cells, aiming to furnish a benchmark for future stem cell research and therapeutic application in affected dental tissues.
Obesity, a prevalent health issue in modern society, is often associated with a chronic state of low-grade inflammation, contributing to the development of chronic illnesses such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Periodontitis, a persistent oral infection, typically manifests through gingival inflammation, periodontal pocket development, alveolar bone loss, and tooth displacement. Regeneration of periodontal tissue in the affected area is the final goal in the treatment of periodontitis. The inflammatory microenvironment of the periodontal tissues, significantly influenced by obesity, a major risk factor for periodontitis, ultimately affects the regeneration of the tissues. This study will analyze the connection between obesity and periodontal tissue regeneration, examining the mechanisms by which obesity affects periodontal tissue regeneration and proposing therapeutic strategies for periodontal regeneration. This comprehensive analysis aims to provide new avenues for periodontal tissue regeneration in the obese population.
The study investigates whether polyetheretherketone, zirconium dioxide, and titanium abutment materials impact the expression of genes and proteins associated with hemidesmosome adhesion in human gingival epithelial cells, to identify suitable materials for promoting epithelial attachment. A total of forty-eight specimens were prepared for each material type, including polyetheretherketone, zirconium oxide, and pure titanium. Scanning electron microscopy provided the surface morphology observations of every specimen grouping, the white light interferometer determined the surface roughness values, and the contact angle measurement utilized an optical contact angle measuring instrument. On the surface of each specimen group, scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the early adhesion of human gingival epithelial cells. The cell proliferation capacity of human gingival epithelial cells on each specimen group's surface was measured using a cell counting kit. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used, respectively, to detect the expression levels of genes and proteins associated with human gingival epithelial cell adhesion on each specimen group's surface. The surface morphologies of the three specimen groups were uniformly flat and smooth. Measurements of mean surface roughness (Ra) indicated substantial variations across the polyetheretherketone, zirconia, and pure titanium groups, displaying values of 9,563,206 nm, 3,793,356 nm, and 1,342,462 nm, respectively (F=36816, P<0.05). Cell proliferation in the polyetheretherketone group demonstrated a substantially greater rate than that seen in the zirconia and pure titanium groups on days 5 and 7 of culture (P < 0.05). The polyetheretheretherketone group displayed significantly elevated mRNA and protein expression levels of laminin 3, integrin 4, and collagen at 3 and 7 days post-incubation compared to the zirconium oxide and pure titanium groups (P < 0.05). Human gingival epithelial cells show a greater propensity for hemidesmosome adhesion when exposed to polyetheretherketone abutment materials than when exposed to zirconium dioxide or pure titanium.
This research seeks to determine the effects of two-step and en-masse retraction on the movement of anterior teeth and the stability of posterior anchorage using 3D finite element analysis, within the context of clear aligner therapy. Inflammation and immune dysfunction A maxillary first premolar extraction case undergoing clear aligner treatment was simulated using a finite element model derived from cone-beam CT data of a 24-year-old male patient with normal occlusion. This patient visited the Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine in June 2022 for treatment of an impacted mandibular third molar. A comprehensive analysis of the initial tooth displacement was performed across five distinct anterior retraction protocols: two-step with canine retraction, two-step with incisor bodily retraction, two-step with incisor retraction-overtreatment, en-masse bodily retraction, and en-masse retraction-overtreatment. Two-step canine retraction procedure analysis revealed distal tipping of the canine and labial tipping of the central incisor (018) and the lateral incisor (013). Due to the two-step process of incisor retraction, the canine experienced a mesial tipping. The central incisor (029) and lateral incisor (032) experienced uncontrolled lingual tipping in the context of a two-step bodily retraction protocol. find more With a two-step protocol for incisor retraction and overtreatment, the movement pattern of the incisors did not change, while the inclinations were diminished to 21 and 18 degrees. The teeth's uniform retraction caused the canine to tip toward the distal aspect. Within the en-masse bodily retraction protocol, the central incisor (019) and lateral incisor (027) experienced uncontrolled lingual tipping. The en-masse retraction-overtreatment protocol resulted in controlled lingual tipping of the central incisor (002) and palatal root movement (003 labial inclination) in the lateral incisor. All five protocols resulted in mesial tipping being apparent in the posterior teeth. Clear aligner treatment demonstrated the effectiveness of en-masse incisor retraction, enhanced by overtreatment, in controlling incisor torque.
The kynurenine pathway's influence on periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSC) osteogenic differentiation will be investigated. From June to October of 2022, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, a branch of Nanjing University's Medical School, collected unstimulated saliva samples from 19 individuals with periodontitis (periodontitis group) and 19 periodontally healthy individuals (health group). Saliva samples underwent ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry evaluation to detect the presence and quantities of kynurenine and its metabolites. Using immunohistochemistry, further detection of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) expression was performed on gingival tissues. The PDLSCs, components of this research, were isolated from extracted teeth, collected for orthodontic treatment at Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, over the period from July to November in the year 2022. The in vitro experimentation involved incubating cells, either with (kynurenine group) kynurenine or in a control group without it. A week from the initial point, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and tests for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were executed. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis was conducted to determine the expression levels of osteogenic genes (ALP, OCN, RUNX2, and collagen type I), and kynurenine pathway genes (AhR, CYP1A1, and CYP1B1) in order to understand their roles. On day 10, Western blotting techniques were employed to quantify the expression levels of RUNX2, osteopontin (OPN), and AhR proteins. Alizarin red staining, performed on day 21, assessed the development of mineral nodules in both the control and kynurenine groups. The periodontitis group demonstrated significantly greater salivary concentrations of kynurenine, at [826 (0, 1960) nmol/L], and kynurenic acid, at [114 (334, 1352) nmol/L], in comparison to the health group, with levels of [075 (0, 425) nmol/L] and [192 (134, 388) nmol/L], respectively. Statistical analysis (Z = -284, P = 0.0004; Z = -361, P < 0.0001) confirmed these results. hand disinfectant In periodontitis patients, gingival tissue demonstrated significantly higher expression levels of IDO (1833222) and AhR (44141363) than in the health group (1221287, 1539514), as evidenced by statistically significant findings (t=338, P=0015; t=342, P=0027). PDLSCs (29190235) treated with kynurenine exhibited a significantly reduced ALP activity in vitro, when compared to the control group (329301929), as determined by a t-statistic of 334 and a p-value of 0.0029. The kynurenine group (043012, 078009, 066010) exhibited lower mRNA levels of ALP, OCN, and RUNX2 than the control group (102022, 100011, 100001), as indicated by the t-tests (t=471, P=0.0003; t=323, P=0.0018; t=673, P<0.0001). In contrast, mRNA expression for AhR and CYP1A1 was higher in the kynurenine group (143007, 165010) compared to the control group (101012, 101014), as demonstrated by t-tests (t=523, P=0.0006; t=659, P<0.0001). Comparative analysis revealed no statistically relevant difference in the mRNA levels of COL- and CYP1B1 between the groups. Relative to the control group (100000, 100000, 100000), the kynurenine group displayed a decrease in the protein levels of OPN, RUNX2 (082005, 087003), and an increase in AhR (124014). These changes are statistically significant (t=679, P=0003; t=795, P=0001; t=304, P=0039). Periodontitis is characterized by an overactive kynurenine pathway, which promotes an upregulation of AhR and inhibits osteogenic differentiation in periodontal ligament stem cells.